What Made You Take Interest in a Career in Cosmetology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 341 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Once upon a time, there was a little girl. This little girl enjoyed cutting her Barbie’s’ hair, her baby dolls’ hair, and even occasionally her own hair too. Once everyone’s hair was cut just right, she would find her markers and continue to â€Å"color† their hair. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Made You Take Interest in a Career in Cosmetology?" essay for you Create order After everyone’s hair was perfect she would â€Å"close her shop† Wash the dolls’ hair and be ready for the next day of work. Most girls have at least one moment in their life, when they have cared about their hair, the style, the cut, and the color. For me it hasn’t been just one moment, its been everyday. It’s not just my hair anymore either. Its EVERYONE’S hair. I enjoy styling everyone’s hair. Beauty and perfection fascinate me. I have been coloring my hair, and others hair, for six years. A selected few have also allowed me to cut their hair over the past three years. I have received no complaints. At age 16, I decided that I should look into Cosmetology school. Just after visiting one school, I was one hundred percent sure that cosmetology was the way to go. The ability to cut and Style people’s hair all day everyday†¦ It’s a dream come true! The feeling of having someone put their whole faith in you to cut, color or style their hair, its amazing. I love helping other people. Cosmetologist help people in two ways. They help you with your choice of hair fashion, and they are also there when you just need someone friendly to talk to. I would love the opportunity to be able to put a smile on someone’s face. Both for lending them my services and a friendly ear to listen. So all in all, my interest has always been in cosmetology. My interest will always be a part of me. They always say, â€Å"where there’s a will, there’s a way. † I have the will, I’m just hoping this school can help me find my way.

My Sisters Keeper - 2300 Words

An Ethical Discussion of My Sisters Keeper Trudy German Wayland Baptist University An Ethical Discussion of My Sisters Keeper Introduction and Thesis: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) to provide a genetically matched donor for an older sick child and to use the organs of the younger to the medical benefit of the elder is not morally justifiable using rule utilitarian ethical theory. This principle is not justifiable due to both the nature of the proposed rule regarding PGD and, primarily, to the nature of utilitarian ethical philosophy in general. Arguments Supporting Thesis: Rule utilitarianism is a moral philosophy holding that general rules for moral guidance should be developed that will act as an aid in making†¦show more content†¦It appears to be a winning situation for everyone. This scenario provides support that the proposed rule may be a viable utilitarian rule, at least in this simplified situation. Unfortunately, all the cases these proposed rules are to be applied to arent this simple. The Fitzgeralds experiences provide an example wher e the simple case doesnt prevail and the situation is complicated by other events. Initially in My Sisters Keeper, it appears the umbilical cord blood cells take at Annas birth have done the job. Kate goes into remission for five years. However, at this point Kates APL flairs up and lymphocytes are drawn from Anna three times and inserted into Kate. Again this appears to work for the short term, but ultimately, the procedure fails. For the next eight years the process is repeated over and over again; Kate becomes ill, Anna donates something which should help her get better, the treatment works for a while but then stops working and a new, more invasive and painful donation and treatment is attempted. The situation during this period is not so simple and clear-cut. In the process, everyone in the family suffers: physically, emotionally, financially, and/or socially within the family and outside the home. Both Kate and Anna suffer physical pain with each procedure. Jesse begins to act upShow MoreRelatedEssay on My Sisters Keeper926 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Evelyn Rivas West Coast University 9 May 2013 My Sister’s Keeper Cloning is a controversial topic to where most people who argue about it, definitely do not agree with each other’s opinions. â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† is a movie where one child, Anna, is conceived solely so her older sister Kate can fight leukemia. Once Anna reaches a certain age, she realizes what has been happening to her and refuses to go through with anything else by suing her mother. ThroughoutRead MoreTechnical Reading : My Sisters Keeper2807 Words   |  12 PagesTechnical reading: My Sisters Keeper A technical reading is where the film maker’s intentions are explained through the technical devices of a film. Nick Cassavetes (the director) was able to explain to us that even though Kate was sick she was happy. In one of the scenes where Kate is sitting outside cooped up in a blanket although she was looking pale and unhealthy she was giggling like she was 5 years old blowing bubbles into the sky. He proved his point to us through the way that he used a closeRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult979 Words   |  4 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult beautifully illustrates many different legal, ethical, and moral dilemmas that can accompany a possible terminal illness diagnosis within a family especially that of a young family. Ultimately the book causes you to re-examine any stance you may have had between that of what is legally and ethically right and what is morally right. Brian and Sara Fitzgerald have two small children who seem healthy and happy. Suddenly their daughter Kate falls sick, and after manyRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1216 Words   |  5 PagesReading Response – Kaitlyn Baker My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult Sad novels have never really appealed to me. I’ve never been drawn by their sombre and depressing tone, often leaving me in a state of wondering, what now? This novel didn’t excite me at first. The storyline of ‘My Sister’s Keeper’ by Jodi Picoult, follows Anna Fitzgerald as she takes her parents to court so that she could be emancipated from medically supporting here leukaemia ridden sister, Kate. But as I read through, there wereRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1424 Words   |  6 PagesReading is my life. I enjoy every book that I pick up. I have many favorite authors from all types of backgrounds and all types of genres. My five favorite books are as followed: A Thousand Splendid Suns, My Sister’s Keeper, My Sister’s Keeper, The Secret Life of Bees and Act Like a Lady Think Like a Man. Each novel plays an important role in my life, they helped me get through some tough times. The books that I read whi le I was in high school helped me to find courage, to find faith, to find myselfRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesan amazing story about a girl who was conceived to spend her life as a donator for her sister. She spends her whole life in hospitals trying to save her sister’s life. But is it all worth it? And does her sister even want her to do all this? In this book analysis I’ll tell you all about this beautiful story. C: 1: Anna, Sara Fitzgerald’s youngest daughter was created to donate bone marrow to her older sister Kate. They created a baby that could function as a suitable donor. This baby was Anna.Read MoreThe Book Thief And My Sister Keeper1875 Words   |  8 Pagesinevitable part of life. I have chosen to explore the theme how loss changes perspective. This theme is evident in the books The book thief by Markus Zusak, My sister keeper, by Jodi Picoult, The five people you meet in heaven, by Mitch Albom and The lovely bones, by Alice Sebold. The books The five people you meet in heaven by Mitch Albom and My sister keeper by Jodi Picoult, both potray the idea that death makes us question our purpose in life. This was shown in the book, The five people you meet in heavenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie My Sisters Keeper 1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie â€Å"My sisters keeper† is about 13 year-old Anna, who sues her parents for medical emancipation when she is expected to donate a kidney to her sister Kate, who has leukemia. This essay will focus on three events in Anna’s life, and discuss how each event in the characters life had an affect on her physical, psychosocial and cognitive development. The events that will be discussed are: how being brought into the world to save Kate affected Anna’s psychosocial development, how having to undergoRead MoreReaction to My Sisters Keeper Movie5317 Words   |  22 PagesMy Sisters Keeper by Jodi Picoult About the Book New York Times bestselling author Jodi Picoult is widely acclaimed for her keen insights into the hearts and minds of real people. Now she tells the emotionally riveting story of a family torn apart by conflicting needs and a passionate love that triumphs over human weakness. Anna is not sick, but she might as well be. By age thirteen, she has undergone countless surgeries, transfusions, and shots so that her older sister, Kate, can somehow fightRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Kate Fitzgerald1990 Words   |  8 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper follows the story of 13-year-old Anna Fitzgerald, who unexpectedly sues her parents for medical emancipation. Medical emancipation is granted to a minor, where they are no longer restricted to the wishes of their parents and may make their own decisions regarding medical treatment. Now, the reason Anna seeks medical emancipation is because her parents expect her to give up one of her kidneys for her older sister Kate. Kate Fitzgerald has had leu kemia since she was 2, and in the

Comparative Social Business Responsibility â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Comparative Social Business Responsibility? Answer: Introduction Ethics is regarded as the backbone of any institution weather it is a business or a non-profit seeking organization. Ethics and values does not merely state what is the right thing to do, but it also defines, doing things in a conscious, responsible and in a smart manner so that the company not only garners goodwill among the customers and the internal employees but also have a good name in the industry which will only turn out to be an asset in the long run of the operations of the business. Global ethics are universally accepted guidelines and rules of ethics and morals which should be adopted by the company and the management in the daily running of the operations. There are various aspects of ethics be it on the customer end or the employee end or for the society and the environment. Concept of triple bottom line Traditional concepts of business module include sales maximization, growth, expansion and profit as the primary focus of the business. This is the model of business that was followed by all business organizations as they would focus on increasing the monetary value of the business and create a global footprint. This theory has been replaced by a contemporary model and perspective which is known as the concept of triple bottom line. In this concept the business model deals with a much broader aspect of responsibilities that business entities have in order to survive in the industry and the market. It includes three Ps: Price, People and Planet. Price would include all that was in the traditional model of business, i.e. expansion of the business, sales optimization and profit maximization etc. People, this an addition to the new version of the sustainability model of business, it includes the people who are associated with the business be it the interest of the customers or the employe es of the company or the society at large. For example: cross-cultural management concept deals with people descending from diversified background to work as a team for the betterment of the organization. Lastly, the concept of Planet as this is one of the most important aspect in the business process that is often neglected by the organization. An organization like any other individual is entitled towards certain responsibilities towards the environment and nature as it has received a lot from the natural resources. Overview of the Oil and Gas Industry Oil and gas industry has been the pioneer of industrialization since the industrial revolution. The products and services are provided by this industry and significant and have special importance in running any other business around the world. Light, heat and mobility are just some of the aid that everyone enjoys form the produce of this industry. Though no one can deny the importance and the utility of the oil and gas industry, no one can also deny the fact that due to oil and gas drilling there is a lot of environmental depletion. Over the years there has also been a lot of disagreement around the economic and environmental issues surrounding this company. According to Ferrell and Fraedrich (1991), by 2017 the demand for oil and gas will reach up to 4 trillion cubic meters. To combat this great demand of oil and gas natural resource large reserves are being drilled and the industry has also faced a lot of controversies regarding the safety of the workers and the health hazards that are associated with working in the reservoirs and the site of the oil platforms. As referred before sustainability is always has been an issue with this industry the drilling of the oil and gas causes serious water pollution from the remains of the drilling and also the procedure causes a large amount of air pollution. Apart from that the land is being drilled and depletion of natural resources is another factor of the industry that causes environmental threat. Oil spills are another problem in the world that are causing serious water pollution and are developing major concerns in the world. Most petroleum reserves are found beneath the ocean floor and drilling rigs are utilised to extract the materials any leak or any issue with the rigs have the potential to cause major environmental damages. Leaving behind the traditional concepts of profit maximization business organisations are taking over the mantel of sustainability and welfare. Hence, the oil and gas industry companies have slowly invested and opted for sustainable, improved so that it can decrease the en vironmental impact as well as avoid the potential of any kind of disasters. Not only oil and gas companies but corporate all around the world have recognised the importance of environmental sustainability and have adopted it as a part of the business model. Impact of ethical risk management of oil and gas industry in the reduction of accidents Understanding and analysing the risk associated with several stakeholders is the first step towards developing an ethical culture within the organisation. Working in an ethical environment may cause a lot of changes in the policies and the decision making procedure of the company and it may take a little getting used to the new affairs of the operation by the employees and the stakeholders. Risk management and reduction of accidents are a part of cause and effect concept. If companies take an account of the risks that they pose to the environment or ethically and work towards reduction of those risks and crisis situations simultaneously the accidents associated with the risks also reduces. Two of major oil spills that united States have ever experienced to date is the Exxon Valdez spill and the deepwater horizon oil spill. There are several reasons for oil sills it can be man-made or natural. Experts estimate that 30-50 percent of oil spills are caused by human error directly or indi rectly. Moreover 20-40 percent times it is caused due to the failure of mechanism or equipment malfunction. If the management assess this problem and take precautions and employee skilled professionals to handle equipments, check and recheck the accounts and the records so that there is no place for human error then the plausible conditions for oil spills can be reduced and managed by the oil and gas industry (Michel and Fingas 2016). There are several mode of transportation involved in the transfer of petroleum from the oil, form the field to the server. Starting from tankers, pipelines, railcars, and tank trucks etc are few of the examples of the mode of transportation used. Hence there are high risks associated with the transportation of the products. Not only oil and gas industries governments also all the world has taken strict will measure and code of guideline sthat help reduce the risks of oil spills. Training the worker to develop skills, advanced use of technology to build equipments and modern ways to tackle the procedures of drilling, extraction and transportation process are some of the ways that can reduce the impact and the oil spills incidents. Recognizing and identifying danger and strategizing plans associated with risk analysis of the septic operation and practicing risk-mitigating actions are the most evident prevention tactics of prevention of oil spills. Research and development should be encouraged in the companies and innovations in the technologies should be implemented to understand the risk and manage them accordingly. Understanding the reasons and the cause of oil spills in the past provide an insight of what went wrong and how could it be prevented is one of the ways in which companies can reduce the risk of oil spills (Yusuf et al. 2014). The technologies before implementation or installation should go through thorough checks and quality procedures to endure temperature and climatic changes so that it does not behave in different ways in different conditions. The technologies should be certified by the authorities and should in corporate leak detection and in-line monitoring procedures for pipelines (Ventikos and Sotiropoulos 2014). Apart from oil spills there are also accidents with the employees who are working in the reserves and the platforms as well. The lives of the employees of any organization are one of the most important aspects that companies should take care of. Health issues from inhaling toxins exposed from drilling process, oil and gas and petroleum are all inflammable substances and hence there is a lot of risk associated with fire and explosions for the workers who are working in these reserves. Over the years of facing criticisms and controversies related to the occupational hazards that are associated with the oil and gas industry the wellbeing of the workers and safety precautions has been prioritized by my companies. Yet, there are several industrial hygiene concerns that are often ignored as they are not that prominent but cause a lot of impact. In order to determine the real risk to workers companies have to understand and analyze the risk in proper way and management has to take policies and decisions accordingly for the betterment and improvement of the working conditions of the workers. Accidents like falls and explosions and fires are some of the casualties that can be prevented with extra careful practices and proper risk management policies of the company (Ventikos and Sotiropoulos 2014). Apart from this, the workers are mostly exposed to hazaderous chemicals like drilling fluids, hydrogen sulfide, silica, diesel exhaust and mercury. A proper exposure control plan or EPA must be implemented by the company in order to reduce the risk that people are in due to chemicals that they are surrounded in the process. The plan should highlight and provide guidelines to protect the health and wellbeing of the workers against chemical exposures, it should also give out information and data relating to health hazards, equipment controls, safety procedures during the working hours, skill development and training to the workers and maintaining a check or record of the inciden ts and its cause and impact so that in the future such accidents may not occur. Ethical risk management will reduce any accidents in the future and companies have encouraged the usage of sustainable technologies and ethical guidelines to ensure the reduction in the incidents in the past decade. Consistently increasing awareness and advancement of technologies by the oil and gas companies have decreased the possibilities of accidents it should be kept in mind that these guidelines are strictly followed. There are also several authorities and institutions that look after the companies in this matter as well. Risks that BP, Exxon, and the fracking industry continue to face The oil and gas industry is full of risks and hazards. Oil spills and accidents are bound to happen as it deals with inflammable substances, hence in order to avoid the accidents the companies should take mitigation measures and risk management policies. During the Exxon oil spill which occurred during 1989 the company recognized its mistake and had taken full responsibility in restoring the shores and the wildlife that was fiercely affected by the oil spill in the sound region (Whiffen 2013). The company has to pay millions of dollars in as fine and restoration process went on for more than a decade. But experts believe that there has been a permanent effect on the environment and the water life of that area and it cannot be restored back to normal any time soon. The significant damage that the spill has caused to the fishery and the water life in that area is of great extent (Berkowitz et al. 2017). The beaches in that area are also examined as toxic and are filled with oil remaini ng. The shoreline is still contaminated and there rare several pits of oil still found in that region. The oil and gas industry has leant a lot form this iconic infamous incident and has adopted a lot to ensure that such incidents do not take place in the future (Papavinasam 2013). The explosion in the deep water horizon in the Gulf of Mexico highlights the fact that the oil and gas companies are yet to be fully responsible in recognizing the threat that they pose to the environment and the society. Companies are yet to understand the gravity of the risk that the operations possess. Beyond petroleum was already under the radar of criticism for the careless policies and decisions that the company showed towards handling safety and precaution of the works along with the sustainability of the operations (Ferrell and Fraedrich 1991). That the company had to rebrand itself, it adopted some extensive and some important measures in the daily operations of the business, code of conduct in the reservoirs and drilling areas as well as using alternative energy sources. As the company tried to reposition itself as sustainable and responsible it had drawn upon some obligations towards the society and environment (Lamendella et al. 2014). The explosion of the oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico made it evident, how obligated they were in their actions. The explosion did not only affect the environment by spilling gallons of crude oil into the water but also took the lives of 11 workers who were in the rig. All the efforts of the company to stop the oil from spilling failed and around 2.5million gallons of oil was pouring out of the rig on a daily basis. The costs of Louisiana, Texas, Florida, Mississippi and Alabama were washed with oil affecting the daily livelihood of thousand of fishermen and killing several aquatic animals. The explosion proved that the contingency plans of the company to control any disaster were inadequate and not full proof. There was no option of system shut down which could have been used as a last resort in any crisis situation. The after effect of this spill will be felt by both the company and the country for years as the government had ordered to shut down 33 rigs in that area which supplied around one-third of the supply in Ame rica (Acosta-Gonzlez et al. 2015). Hydraulic fracturing also known as fracking is a process of extracting natural gas by pumping water, sand and chemicals into shale rock to force out the gas. Fracking has been view by many as the revolutionary opportunity in the energy sector. Natural gas is comparatively cleaner than coal as it emits considerably less amount of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and mercury which is the known to be the harmful components in the burning coal. Furthermore the process requires only 0.5% of drilling liquid which is also hazardous. The recent discovery of the shale gas reserve in the United sates have given this process a boost and also a promotion to the energy supply for approximately 100 years as anticipated by experts (de Melo-Martn et al. 2014). Nevertheless, the risks yet remain it is comparatively lesser than others but it is still a inflammable substance and that itself has a lot of risk associated with it. It is being said that methane is being emitted by the process of fracking and also that it cases the seismic shift of the tectonic place in the area of drilling. There are other chemicals that are used by the process which are carcinogenic in nature like benzene, hydrochloric acid and diesel (Kelland 2014). Impact of ethical leadership in risk management For an industry as old and as criticized like the oil and gas industry, it is very important to be ethical in nature, the three pillars of sustainability model must be considered by the oil and gas industry than any other as the risks associated with the industry is also significantly higher than any other industry. As stated by Ferrell and Fraedrich (1991), there are risk associated the production to the transportation to the storage of the product that the industry offers. In such cases ethics become the backbone of the company and just developing sustainable and health welfare products does not end the process for the industry. The policies and the decisions as well as the technologies that are innovated have to go through strict and stringent rules and regulations. The companies are in great need for leaders who are ethically driven and give more and more importance to the societal and the environmental welfare because those two factors form the majority of backup and support for the company (Varfolomeev et al. 2014). Conclusion The impact the oil and gas industry have on the economies, environment and society is unlike any other industry. The importance of energy is not unknown to any but the pressing issue at the current situation is the significant depletion of the environment and the effect it has on society. Oil and gas companies should understand the responsibility they have towards the welfare of the society along with the environmental responsibility they have. The aim should not be to prevent any accidents that are a prerequisite that comes with the business, the aim should be towards innovations and creativity so that the company can ensure the betterment of the environment and the improvement of the work life of the people associated with the industry. Reference List: Acosta-Gonzlez, A., Martirani-von Abercron, S.M., Rossell-Mra, R., Wittich, R.M. and Marqus, S., 2015. The effect of oil spills on the bacterial diversity and catabolic function in coastal sediments: a case study on the Prestige oil spill.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(20), pp.15200-15214. Berkowitz, H., Bucheli, M. and Dumez, H., 2017. Collectively designing CSR through meta-organizations: A case study of the oil and gas industry.Journal of Business Ethics,143(4), pp.753-769. de Melo-Martn, I., Hays, J. and Finkel, M.L., 2014. The role of ethics in shale gas policies.Science of the total environment,470, pp.1114-1119. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 1991. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Houghton Mifflin College Division. Kelland, M.A., 2014.Production chemicals for the oil and gas industry. CRC press. Lamendella, R., Strutt, S., Borglin, S., Chakraborty, R., Tas, N., Mason, O.U., Hultman, J., Prestat, E., Hazen, T.C. and Jansson, J.K., 2014. Assessment of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impact on Gulf coast microbial communities.Frontiers in microbiology,5. Michel, J. and Fingas, M., 2016. Oil Spills: Causes, Consequences, Prevention, and Countermeasures.Fossil Fuels: Current Status and Future Directions,1, p.159. Papavinasam, S., 2013.Corrosion control in the oil and gas industry. Elsevier. Varfolomeev, E., Marin, O., Bykov, D., Karasev, O., Velikanova, N., Vetchinkina, E., Edelkina, A. and Thurner, T., 2014. Connecting strategy, environmental and social indicators: a study of oil and gas producers. Ventikos, N.P. and Sotiropoulos, F.S., 2014. Disutility analysis of oil spills: graphs and trends.Marine pollution bulletin, business-law, pp.116-123. Whiffen, J., 2013. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.Proto-Type,1. Yusuf, Y.Y., Gunasekaran, A., Musa, A., Dauda, M., El-Berishy, N.M. and Cang, S., 2014. A relational study of supply chain agility, competitiveness and business performance in the oil and gas industry.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.531-543.

Pan-Africanism free essay sample

Who are the Pan-Africanists? No one can say with authority who was the first person to express ideas synonymous with pan-Africanism, but resistance to foreign domination has been a constant element of African history on and off the continent. It is generally accepted, however, that true pan-African thinking first appeared among Black people in the Diaspora. Africans who were outside of Africa and stripped of their tribal affiliation were quick to recognize that their subjugation was based on their race; hence the call for racial unity in the face of a shared oppressive experience was originally given voice among them. Early pan-African sentiments were clearly expressed by the 1700s. In America in 1787, for example, the famed Freemason Prince Hall sent a formal request to the Massachusetts Legislative Assembly for help with immigrating back to Africa. Likewise in the first two decades of the 1800s, the successful Boston merchant Paul Cuffee supported the repatriation of a least two groups of emigrants at his own expense. We will write a custom essay sample on Pan-Africanism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prominent African Nationalists of that time include Henry Sylvester Williams, Edward W. Bylden, Benito Sylvain, Orishatukeh Faduma, and Mojola Agbebi. A good article to read about this subject is â€Å"Pan-Negro Nationalism in the New World Before 1862† by Hollis R. Lynch. But aside from those luminaries, many scholars point to two particular meetings in order to date the beginning of the pan-African movement. The Chicago Congress on Africa in 1893 and the London meeting of the African Association in 1900 which introduced the use of the term â€Å"pan-African†. Nevertheless, while both of those meetings were historic in their originality, participation and outlook, it was the later Pan-African Congresses sponsored by W. E. B. Dubois and the U. N. I. A. conventions of Marcus Garvey that traditionally have been credited with having the most influence on pan-African thinking. Over a 45 year period, DuBois would champion or be involved with six Congresses which would inspire such African leaders as Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Nnamdi Azikiwe of Nigeria, Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, Wallace Johnson of Sierra Leone, and Ralph Armattoe of Togo among others. Marcus Garvey, on the other hand, spread his fiery message of African unity through the largest movement of Black people the world has ever known. The work of those two leaders inspired a wave of pride, resistance, and self-reliance which swept the globe and produced independence and human rights movements which left no African people moved. Moreover, new leaders and organizations emerged in the wake of DuBois and Garvey that have had riveting effects on African history including Malcolm X, the Black Panthers, the African National Congress, and the Pan-African Congress of Azania. Pan-Africanism would, subsequently, reach a new level of institutionalization with the launch of the 1958 First Conference of Independent African States in Ghana. That would be followed by several other expressions of African unity including â€Å"the Union of African States (1960), the African States of the Casablanca Charter (1961), the African and Malagasy Union (1961), the Organization of Inter-African and Malagasy States (1962), the African-Malagasy-Mauritius Common Organization (1964)† and the Organization of African Unity (1963). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright  © 2007, Columbia University Press. ) In 2002, the Organization of African Unity transformed itself into the African Union with the stated objectives â€Å"to achieve greater unity and solidarity between the African countries and the peoples of Africa† and â€Å"to accelerate the political and socio-economic integration of the continent. † (www. african-union. org) Yet in s pite of this long, rich and progressive history, pan-Africanism and African Nationalism are much misunderstood and maligned. The pan-African movement is not racist, sexist, homophobic, communist, or based on religious bigotry. As a matter of fact, the modern pan-African movement is open to every person willing to participate in the struggle to produce a world from racism, sexism or discrimination. Additionally, the modern African Nationalist community is strong and vibrant. Despite the best efforts of the FBI and CIA to dispose and discredit African leaders, the masses of African people have never lost focus of their dream for a world based on freedom, justice, and equality. Indeed the people who created civilization are now ready to give birth to a new world and a new type of human society. African Nationalists believe that the best way to free the earth from the hatred and prejudice of Western white supremacy is to form a great African nation based on the timeless but revolutionary principle of the equality of humankind birthed from a movement that models that principle in theory and in practice. If you are interested and would like to get involved in the pan-African struggle, then the simplest thing to do is to email me, Maurice X, President of the United Pan-African Student Movement at [emailprotected] com. We will be restarting our meetings in Durham after the summer break and you can get involved with any of our programs from the African History class to the AIDS/HIV education and social services project. In addition you can look for and read future articles from a pan-African perspective by me here in The Nubian Message. Maurice X is the President of the United Pan-African Student Movement. He is a community activist, writer, and former teacher of Adult Education at Durham Technical Community College. Maurice resides in Durham and is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and North Carolina Central University. In his spare time he enjoys reading and exercising.

Comparison Of Macbeth And Jack (of Lord Of The Flies) Essays

Comparison of Macbeth and Jack (of Lord of the Flies) Macbeth is one of the protagonist in a Shakespeare play "Macbeth". Jack is also a protagonist in the novel "Lord of the Flies". The following essay will outline the differences and similarities of these two characters. There are five similarities between Jack and Macbeth. Firstly, they were both leader of some kind. Jack was a leader of a choir group while Macbeth was a co-leader of Duncan's army. Secondly, they were brave. Jack was brave, he went up to the top of the hill by himself and searched for the beast. Macbeth was brave too, he won the battle in the beginning of the story. Thirdly, they were both ambitious. Jack was the leader of the hunting party in the beginning of the story, but he wanted to become the leader of the entire group on the island. Macbeth wanted to become the king of Scotland after having the conversation with the three witches. Fourthly, they both became more cruel as they gained more power. After Jack formed his own group and set up a camp on Castle Rock, he became more cruel than before. For Macbeth, he hesitated six times before killing Duncan. But when he planned to kill Banquo and Macduff's family, he didn't hesitated and killed them without regret. Lastly, they were both superstitious. Jack was superstitious, he worshipped the Lord of the Flies and held a ritual dance around the camp fire after sacrificing the pig. For Macbeth, he believed in the fortune telling of the three witches. (Quote: All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor. All hail Macbeth, that should become king here after.) There are five differences between Jack and Macbeth. Firstly, their ages were different. Jack was a teenager while Macbeth was an adult with a wife. Secondly, they have different endings. Macbeth was killed in the end of the story while Jack was rescued. Thirdly, Jack kills to consolidate his power while Macbeth kills to success his goal. Jack's goal was achieved in the middle of the story, he had to maintain his power over others. For Macbeth, he had to kill other people in order to have a chance to become king of Scotland. Fourthly, Macbeth was evil in the beginning of the story while Jack was innocent, but he became more evil as the story progress. Macbeth used his evil mind to plan all the murders while Jack tried to help the group out by forming the hunting party in the beginning, but he wanted to kill Ralph later. Lastly, no one can harm Jack while somebody had the power to harm Macbeth. Macduff killed Macbeth in the battle of Dunsinane while Ralph had no power to harm Jack. Ralph had to hide when Jack became the leader of the island. In conclusion, Jack was good in origin while Macbeth was evil and cruel. They both had a common goal, it was to get more power in order to become a leader. Greed for power will results in cruelty, killings and finally revenge.

Gang Mentality in America †A Breif Overview

Gang Mentality in America – A Breif Overview Free Online Research Papers The Criminal Mind, I feel my final paper should reflect the subject of gangs, and gang violence in American society, as well as the irrefutable damage this problem causes for everyone. Because it is an important aspect to the concept of this course, I will cover the reality of gangs as I see it in relation to criminal thinking. Although the subject of gang violence is globally apparent, and is seen in many variations regarding custom and culture and because it goes beyond the scope of this essay to cover every aspect of the gang mentality, its background, and its future, I shall narrow my focus on the American example of street gangs, specifically, its relevance to the many mannerisms and identifying factors of the criminal mind. The subject of gangs and the gang mentality has been an unfortunate reality in the United States since its initial beginning in the mid 1500s. From the â€Å"Allegiance,† a rural criminal gang during Revolutionary era New England, who raided cabins and villages, thieving, raping and murdering its victims, to the organized gang enforcer and professional luters known as the â€Å"Bummers† during the American Civil War era, the gang presence has been with us from the start, and has most likely coexisted within the human condition all along. This reality, although harsh, has proven to remain relativily the same regardless of technology and educational advances of modern day. To this end, the exemplification of these modern gangs and organized criminal societies will be shown in both the researched aspects, consisting of up-to-date law enforcement statistics and visual representations, such as the identifying factors of modern U.S. gangs, like tattoos, grafetti and insignias. And, because this subject is so vast, only the most relative and active gangs will be used for exemplification for this paper. Gangs in America: A Brief Review. The problem of gangs is prevalent in todays society. There are many reasons why so many youths join gangs. Gangs are more available to young people today than ever before. When students lack academic achievement, they often also lack social success and involvement in school activity. Less than desirable home and family circumstances compound the youths problems. They become more vulnerable to the fascination of gangs. Law enforcement agencies have to deal with the problems of gangs, and they must act to curtail that problem. According to Loundsbury (1996), there are six reasons why youths join gangs: (1) Young people need an identity, (2) Young people need to bond, (3) youths join gangs is to be perceived as competent in some area, or any area, (4) Youths feel safe and secure in gangs, (5) Young people join gangs to become members of something new, exciting and different, and (6) Young people join gangs for acceptance. (p. 211) In other words, young people join gangs due to anomie, they have a lack of purpose; a lack of identity. With todays society being what it is there is a sense of rootlessness in young people. This anomie causes them to turn to gangs for needs that are not being met in familial and pedagogical environments. They lack ethical values due to societys broken home status, and many parents are not able to parent their children because of second jobs, or simply not having parenting skills. There are many theories associated with the gang activity and deviance in general, such as the strain theory, differential association, and social control†¦The number of gangs in America is astounding. According to Danitz (1998) there are 75 documented gangs that are operating in Washington, DC alone. Lt. Lawrence W. Thomas, who is the commander of the department that monitors gang activity in Washington, feels that this is not bad when compared to other major cities. In a 1996 report it was found that there are an estimated 250 crews, mobs, and posses active at 10 different high schools, eight junior-high schools, two middle schools and two adult education centers. This in is complete contradiction with the argument that there is no gang problem. Denial does not make the problem dissipate. When cities deny that there is a gang problem they deny themselves of federal financial assistance in the fighting or prevention of gang related problems. (p.14). Police departments and others are fighting to teach children to reject the call of the streets, and to be a part of other, more positive day programs in their communities. In one area a program called GREAT was formed. This is an acronym for Gang Resistance Education and Training program, which teaches children the things they need to know about how to survive on the street. Drug information is covered, and so is the effects of alcohol use. The children learn lessons on how to treat people. Police administer the GREAT program. It is a government nonprofit program whose purpose is to prevent the ruination of childrens lives form gang involvement, crime and violence. According to Brogan (1995), George Akerlof and Janet L. Yellon posit that community values can be an asset in the control of gang activity. Community cooperation with the police is dependent upon the neighborhoods prevalent value choices. (p. 24) The best solution to the problem of gangs is to stop them from forming. This can be done in several ways. One organization alone can not end the problem of gangs. However, when society works together as a whole, the efforts of law enforcement to curtail the problem of gangs can be maximized to their fullest potential. Lounsbury (1996) believes that a students lack of academic achievement is often accompanied by a lack of social success and involvement in school activities. Further, when home and family circumstances are less than desirable, some students problems are compounded, and they become vulnerable to the lure of gangs. (p. 211) Law Enforcement efforts to curtail the problem of gangs should include community policing programs. When a police officer is seen regularly in the community, he/she becomes a role model instead of a bad guy. When the community and the police work together in cooperative programs each benefits from those programs. If a child sees that police are their friends and that someone really does care about them, they are less inclined to join gangs. If a child is prevented form joining a gang, the problem is on its way to being solved. Law Enforcement agencies first need to admit that there is a gang problem. Many refuse to do so. Once they admit that there is a problem, they are well on their way to fixing the problem. Many law enforcement agencies deny the existence of gangs. In that way they do not have to legitimize gangs. Law enforcement agencies, communities and schools must work together in order to stop the problem of gangs. No one person or agency is able to do this alone. They must all work together for the common goal of fighting gangs. In this way, the problem can and will be solved. One manner in which the problem of gangs was solved is the GREAT program. It works with kids in the fifth, sixth and seventh grades, where officers go into the classrooms for one class period per week and talk to the children about what happens to kids in gangs, how to set goals and resist peer pressure, as well as how to resolve conflicts and problems without resorting to violence. The students really enjoy the program because of the perks, which include day trips and summer camp, all paid for by the police department. Danitz (1998) posits that the law enforcement community alone can not solve the problem of gangs. Further assistance is necessary for this problem to be solved. Children need role models. The police can not be everywhere at all times. The schools, communities and families must also play a viable part in the solution to the problem of gangs. (p. 246) Children need an alternative to gangs. If something else meets the social needs of the child he/she will not resort to gangs. In the theory of differential association, young people that are involved in gangs are likely to antagonize their peers into becoming a member of a gang. Agnew Brezina (1997), feel that the measures of social control, as well as differential association are important gauges into delinquent behavior. Because of this, it is possible for a person with a low level of social control to adopt deviant behavior, such as gang activity. Moreover, these authors seem to posit that social control may be reduced by peer association and deviant beliefs, or in other words, strain measures have a reciprocal relation to both social control and differential association. Although both authors suggest that if a child can be drawn away from gangs, then half the battle is won, with the prevalence of gangs, however, it is nonetheless, difficult to keep a child from being confronted by the gang mentality, when that is all he or she sees, and that sight looks so much better than what he or she has or has not. Because of this, society has a difficult task of keeping the gang away from the child and the child away from the gang, but it can be done. In some contexts, consideration of gangs has moved from a curious cultural phenomenon to a pernicious economic force embedded in the economic and political systems of the society, sometimes competing for authority with school and church†¦Gangs are geographically and culturally diverse, and almost uniformly they are connected with delinquency, yet some argue that delinquency is a correlate of the term, gang, and not a defining characteristic. Furthermore, gang members have been involved in a sufficient number of delinquent incidents to call forth a consistent negative response from neighborhood residents and/or law enforcement agencies. With the increased prevalence and sophistication of the arming of youth, public perceptions of threat from gangs seem to be at an all time high. A recent Gallup Poll (Associated Press, 1994) showed that adults viewed fighting, violence, and gangs as the biggest problem confronting public schools. Young people live in two social worlds. One is in the cultural surrounding of peers in school and at leisure. The other is the familial world of the family and home. When with their peers, young people are in a domain with its own rules of dress, behavior, music, and speech. There is an emphasis on popularity and physical attractiveness, and for some, athletic success. The family environment has been known to clash with the peer culture, and school. The transition between the two cultures is frequent since it occurs at least twice per day in normal situations. According to Warr (1993), Criminologists have long recognized the importance of family and peers in the etiology of delinquency, but these two influences are commonly analyzed in isolation. However, if peers are treated as potential instigators of delinquency (following differential association theory) and parents as potential barriers to delinquency (following control theory), a crucial question emerges: Is parental influence capable of counteracting the influence of delinquent peers? Analysis of data from the National Youth Survey reveals that the amount of time spent with family is indeed capable of reducing and even eliminating peer influence. By contrast, attachment to parents (the affective relation between parents and offspring) apparently has no such effect†¦Instead,it appears to affect delinquency indirectly by inhibiting the initial formation of delinquent friendships. (p. 247) Joining a gang is considered to be a delinquent behavior, therefore, this is applicable to the problem of gangs. Young people join gangs because of differential association. Other gang members make gangs activity seem cool. Since the child is influenced by the cultures both inside and outside of the home, it would be in society’s best interest to purport the familial unit to the child. This assists the law enforcement agencies in curtailing the problem of gangs. If a child gets what he needs from home and school he or she will not need the gang relationship. Parents are not playing the positive role models that they should. Without positive role models the child is going to formulate delinquent peers through differential association, even though parents do not activity condone gang activity. Even those that have been involved in criminal activity know the seriousness of becoming a gang member. It is not something the parent wants for his or her child, but by not being there when a child needs him or her, the parent is giving the child over to gang membership and the many problems associated with gang activity. Where is the parent when the gang offers the child an identity? The child needs an identity. They want to be recognized and regarded as part of something unique. Gangs give them an identity that will distinguish them. Gang members have their own colors. They oftentimes have tattoos. They have their own turf. Where is the parent when the child needs to bond? Young people need to bond. They join gangs to become included in something they perceive as meaningful, something that gives them a sense of family where they oftentimes had none, or they were estranged from them. Many gang members only have their gangs. They do not have families. The gang is their family. They need to bond with other human beings since they are not able to bond with their families. Where is the parent when the child needs to be perceived as competent at something? Young people join gangs is to be perceived as competent. This is true even though they are successful in an area that is not valued by society. Just being in a gang gives them an aura of success. This perception is skewed. To them being a gang member is being somebody. They are no longer just a nobody. They are members of a gang. Where is the parent when a young person needs to feel safe? Young people feel safe and secure in gangs. They have a familial unit in gangs. They know that the other gang members will protect them. They swear an oath to their gang to never leave. Only death takes a person out of a gang. They become one with the gang, instead of with the family unit. Identification: A Terminology Manual and Pictorial Guide. Under each gang heading, detailed information can be found describing graphic renditions and explanatory information regarding the gang. The designs might be rendered in the form of graffiti, tattoos or other symbols. Street gangs are not a new phenomenon they have existed in every country in one form or another throughout recorded history. There is a long history of street gangs in most metropolitan areas of the US, the first of which can be traced back as far as the 1920’s. In the initial stages, family members and close friends bonded together for self defense, then groups provided protection from rival gangs, and eventually, gangs came to rely on criminal activities as a source of income Today, street gangs can be a major challenge to criminal justice official, as in recent years, their activities have grown to include drug traffic, extortion, drive-by shootings and numerous acts of random violence. Gang members generally are young and impulsive, striking out at different elements of society in wanton fashion. They often lack the group discipline necessary to prevent members from acting individually or in Ga smaller groups. They intimidate neighborhoods, making citizens extremely reluctant to assist law enforcement officials pursuing criminal investigation. As members of street gangs are confined in prison, they carry their affiliations with them and pose significant control problems. As the number of these individuals in prison grows, they potentially pose a far greater problem to correctional staff than many existing prison gangs. Street gang members share a general outlook on life which includes loyalty to other members and portraying a callous and ruthless image one that can be enhanced by drive-by shooting, robberies or other crimes. The more violent and dangerous a particular gang member is perceived to be, the more respect he is accorded by both fellow and rival gang members. Some members develop a sociopathic mentality that differs radically from other types of juvenile offenders. Most criminally active youth are between the ages of 14 and 25, and most gang members are usually between the age of 9 and 25. However, some members may be in their 30’s or older. There is no traditional chain of command for many of these groups, although older members generally have the most influence. If a chronological approach based on age is used, the usual structural breakdown of street gangs is as follows: Original Gangsters: Other wise known as â€Å"OG’s†, these members are in the upper echelon of gang command. They tend to remain apart from the day-to-day gang activities, with many actually running legitimate businesses as fronts for their gang involvement. Gangsters: The gangster or â€Å"G’s† are the backbone of the street gang. They are usually younger than the original gangster’s, (14-17 years old,) and generally represent rank and file street gang membership. Pee Wees: Also called â€Å"Baby Gangsters†, they are usually (9-13 years old,) and are used by senior gang members for menial task like serving as runners, sentries or writing graffiti. Tiny Gangster: also called â€Å"TG’s† are the youngest member of gangs, usually between the age of six and nine. They primarily carryout very menial tasks for older gang members. Gang Communications: US street gangs place a major emphasis on communications. Many have developed intricate communications methods apparel worn in a specific manner, individual nicknames, selected and easily discernible â€Å"colors†, graphic symbols, and graffiti which have little or no special meaning to the untrained individual who is not a gang member. Gang members often communicate with each other by means of â€Å"placas† a form of nonverbal communication. Hand signs (flashing) and graffiti show gang affiliation, but also communicate ideas, e.g., an impending shooting. Gangs have several different ways of displaying their colors. They wear clothing that is the primary or secondary color of their gang and also may carry colored handkerchiefs to signify gang affiliation. The handkerchief may be carried inside the waist band as a flag. Street gangs are territorial and identify their territory by spray painting graffiti on walls, usually in the predominant color of the gang. The symbols portrayed in the graffiti not only signify turf, but chronicle the current state of gang affairs, rivalries, drug supplies, and other significant information. In essence, gangs believe it is extremely important to protect their symbols from insults by rivals; degradation of a gang symbol is an extreme insult. A gang emblem upside down has been degraded, and numerous gang wars and gang related murders have started with an insult of that type. As street gangs become better financed and more numerous, battles for territorial control become more violent. A potentially deadly tactic for attacking rival gang members is the drive-by shooting gang members using pistols, shotguns, assault rifles, or fully automatic weapons fire on targets from moving vehicles. Of the many homicides resulting from drive-by shootings, many have involved innocent bystanders. Gang Organization: Typically, street gangs lack the sophisticated organizational structure, discipline, and lack the sophisticated organizational structure, discipline, and narrowly-focused mission of established adult gangs, such as the Aryan Brotherhood, Texas Syndicate, and others, or of other major disruptive groups such as La Cosa Nostra and South American drug cartels. However, gangs in a few cities are quite sophisticated, and have aligned themselves under umbrella structures called â€Å"Nations† or â€Å"Sets†. How gang activity affects the community: 1. Increases in crime. 2. Increases in cost for police services. 3. Increases in cost for security services for businesses, and schools. 4. Increases burden on social services for businesses and schools. 5. Increased burden on social service systems and emergency and hospital systems. 6. Influences business recruitment, and overall city economic development impacts overall image of city, causes trauma, grief, confusion and depression over the injury and death of a loved one because of gang violence. 7. Increases the likelihood of you becoming a victim of crime, damages personal property through acts of vandalism. 8. Increases fear for your personal safety or the safety of your neighborhood. 9. May cause you to become a victim of harassment and intimidation or other more violent acts of crime such as a drive by shooting. 10. DEATH. Who will gang activity affect: 1. Schools. 2. Movie theatres and arcades. 3. Parks and recreation centers. 4. Sporting events. 5. Shopping centers. 6. Apartments and multiple dwelling complexes. 7. Grocery and convenience stores. 8. Public transportation. 9. Hospital emergency departments. Types of criminal gang activities: 1. Intimidation, harassment, vandalism and criminal trespassing. 2. Shoplifting, burglaries, auto thefts and thefts. 3. Arson, sexual assaults/batteries and firearms/ weapons violations. 4. Robberies, kidnapping, murder, murder for hire, violence against law enforcement and drugs, both sale and possession. Gang Identifiers: The following list represents common identifiers that will help identifying street gang members. Please remember that because you find one of these identifiers on an individual. It does not mean the person is a gang member. To be sure, check further for other common characteristics. As you will see below, Folk Nation members dress to the right, while People Nation dresses to the left. 1. Pant Legs: A. Rolled up on the right side†¦Folk Nation. B. Rolled up on the left side†¦People Nation. 2. Fingernails: A. Gang members sometimes color, nails with their colors. B. The fingernails hat are painted are on the hand their gang represents. 3. Beads: A. A fad taken over by gangs. The beads are worn as part of their clothing, hair dresses, necklaces, or on their Shoes. 4. Hats: A. Tilted to the right†¦Folk Nation. B. Tilted to the left†¦People Nation. 5. Eyebrows, earrings, bandanas: A. Eyebrow hair will have 3 or more cuts in it on the side their gang represents. B. Earrings are worn on the side their gang represents. C. Bandanas are generally worn in the colors of their gang and on the side of the body that represents their gang these bandanas can be tied on the leg, wrist, or hung from the back pockets. Colors and Representations: The following is a brief representation of names and colors of the major gangs throughout the United States. Although there are minor differentials from State-to-State, these colors and symbols are commonplace and identifiable nationwide. Each gang can belong to another gang entity without losing faith for its original gang foundation, and although rare, such mixtures can be seen. 1. Folk Nation. Color: Blue G.S. / Gangster Disciples I.G. / Imperial Gangster Disciples (Miami Clik) I.G.D. / Insane Gangster Disciples B.G.D./Black Gangster Disciples M.G.D. / Maniac Gangster Disciples I.N.P. International posse (Miami clik) Y.L.O. / Young Latin Organization (Miami clik) 2. Crips (Crips and Folks together) Color: Blue Eight -Tray Gangster Rollin 60s Crazy Cs C-II Thug life Cs 3. Bloods. Color: Red L.K / Latin Kings V.L. / Vatos Locos A.M.L.K.Q.D.N. / Almighty Latin Kings and Queen Disciple Nation. 4. Bloods and Kings together. Color: Red U.B. / United Bloods S.B. / Southern Bloods B.B / Bishop Bloods C.B / Chapter 2 Bloods (Branch of the kings set) Piru / Crips who became Bloods (Piru is crip spelled backwards, with the c turned sideways). 5. OTHER CLIKS NOT INVOLVED WITH CRIPS OR BLOODS FROM MIAMI: L.B.B. / Latin Bad Boys Color: (Varies). L.B.H. / Little Havana Boys B.T.B. / Back To Back South Beach Posse D.O.M. Dominators Of Miami Y.L.O. / Young Latin Organization M.M.W. / Miamis Most Wanted P.I.C. / Partners In Crime 27ave Boys O.T.G / Over Town Gangsters H.C. / Hialeah Chicos I.G. / Imperial Gangsters C.H.S. / Chico Hit Squad King park Boys Merrick Park Posse Gland Park Boys Although this constitutes a relatively brief example of the gang structure in America, it should point out the detail of the gang mentality and its resourcefulness towards identification and sense of â€Å"family,† otherwise unknown to the gang member. Folk Symbols: Figure Series A. The following are symbols, and their meaning, used by the FOLKS street gangs, and affiliates to identify themselves. A. Six pointed star 6 principles of King David. B. Pitchfork the Nations power in the struggle to overcome oppression. C. Sword life and death within the nation and the struggle to survive at all costs. D. Devils Horns the nation’s determination to overcome all obstacles. E. Devils Tail the oppression that all non- white people suffer. F. Heart the love of a nation. G. Numbers 7 and 8 the year of the founding of the sons and daughters. Figure Series A. People Symbols: Figure Series B. The following are symbols, and their meanings, used by the PEOPLES street gangs and affiliates to identify themselves. A. Circle 360 degrees of the knowledge that black people once ruled the world and will again. B. Fire represents the Black Nations true knowledge of being suppressed, and their inability to reach knowledge because of the heat created by the fire. C. Darkness or the color black- represents the Black majority, not minority, of the world. D. Cresant Moons represents the splitting of the Black Nations into two parts, one of the West and one of the East. E. Star represents the eye of Allah, watching over his people. F. Pyramid- represents the mystery of the construction of the pyramid, which was constructed by Black people. The three corners of the triangle represent physical, mental, and spiritual knowledge. G. Sun represents the rising of truth in the Black Nation. Used only by Vice Lords. H. Hat- represents shelter. I. Cane- represents the staff of strength. J. Gloves represents purity. K. Latin Kings tattoos/ symbols. L. Five Pointed Crown is a symbol of the Latin Kings. Note the upside down pitchforks, which is a sign of disrespect to the folk nation. Figure Series B. MEXIKANEMI (Texas Mexican Mafia) Not to be confused with the Mexican Mafia (EME) Figure Series C. The Mexikanemi is the largest prison gang found in the Texas DOC. Mexikanemi translated means, Free Mexicans, are a relatively new organization, having formed in 1984. Better known as the Texas Mexican Mafia, it originally started out as a group of Texas DOC inmates trying to become more aware of their cultural heritage. As it grew, it rapidly changed from just being aware to becoming involved in extortion, narcotics trafficking and murder, both inside and outside the prison walls. Figure Series C. LA NUESTRA FAMILIA (NF) Figure Series D. The name translates to Our Family, originally formed in Soledad Prison, California in 1965, the membership is mostly rural, Northern California Hispanics. This very formal organizational structure is governed by a Board of Directors-type group, with a Kill on sight relationship with the Mexican Mafia (EME). This gang is heavily aligned with its Northern counterpart; the Nortenos gang, and is rapidly recruiting and growing in California, New Mexico and Arizona. The Mexican Mafia (EME), not to be confused with Mexikanemi (Texas Mexican Mafia) is a far larger, more influential and feared prison gang and membership is evident within both federal and state prison systems. Organized in the1950s in the California DOC at the Deuel Vocational Center, it’s made up mostly of urban Hispanic inmates from Southern California. This loosely structured military-like chain of command organization, is generally considered a â€Å"blood in-blood-out gang† and is usually at war with the Mexikanemi and the Luestra Familia, AKA: Nortenos or Northern structure. Allied with the Aryan Brotherhood for drug introduction purposes, exchange of hit contracts and financial matters. To this end, the film American Me, reported to be fairly factual, is about the founding of this prison gang. Figure Series D. SKIN HEAD GANGS: Figure Series E. Skinhead groups have been formed, with varying levels of organizational cohesion, in every religion of the country. (See the map on the next page showing where skinheads have been operating). Skinheads in different parts of the country are slowly forming a loose national network, owing their geographical mobility and efforts of more established leaders (particularly Tom Metzger) to publicize their activities. Skinhead leaders from Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit and Dallas have helped facilitate the organizing of groups in other cities, such as Milwaukee, Memphis, Springfield, Missouri and Toronto. At the same time, skinhead groups in some locations like Cincinnati and Pittsburgh have dropped from view in less than a year. In the case of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, the arrest of Reich Skin Leader Michael Martin and his subsequent conviction helped result in the dissolution of the group. It appears that effective responses by law enforcement authorities to skinhead violence helps reduce their profile and level of authority, and activity. Figure Series E. CONCLUSION Young people also join gangs to become members of something new, exciting and different. They perceive this change as good. They are willing to go along with whatever the gang does because they want new, exciting experiences. They experience guns and gang wars. They enjoy the thrill of the gang culture. There is no thrill in school or at home. Where is the parent when the young person needs to feel acceptance? Young people join gangs for acceptance. They desire to become a part of something accepting, which offers them a reason for being. Gangs accept anyone who is willing to swear to the oath of the gang. They try to seduce new members with their strength as a family. The child will forsake his/her real family for the gang. Gang membership is simply a way for some young people to meet the human needs for connection and self-esteem. They are not getting their needs met at home or school; so they turn to gangs to get those needs met. Schools do not provide experiences in which students can achieve success on their own. They do not meet the young persons need for self-esteem. Parents are too busy working or they are too tired to meet the needs of their offspring, or in many cases, there are no parents. Schools departmentalize students. They do not actively involve students in the teaching-learning process. Young people today are very diverse. They need their needs met. Gangs meet their needs. Young people today are faced with more situations today, now than ever before. They have to make split second decisions that will affect them for the rest of their lives. They chose gangs, because gangs are a comfort zone for them. They get caught up in the dynamics of gang existence. Those that have families forsake them for gangs, because gangs offer them something that the family does not. For law enforcement to curtail the problem of gangs, they must first get at the problem of families. Various outreach programs can do this. A childs life is at risk in this situation. Law enforcement agencies can not work alone, however. Without the assistance of the community, they have a difficult time of making a dent in the problem of gangs. Not all of a childs needs will ever be completely met by home and school, but those needs are an important consideration. A child is the future generation. If he/she is allowed to succumb to the gang life, he/she will not live to become one of tomorrows leaders. Law enforcement agencies should form task forces to curtail gang development. If children do not see gangs in a positive light they will be more inclined to say no to gang membership. It is of vital importance that programs such as GREAT be initiated in schools. Gangs need to be de-glamorized by the law enforcement agencies. They should have former gang members speak to young people about the serious consequences of gang involvement. They should use whatever scare tactics necessary to dissuade gang membership. They should show the results of gang membership, which is often death due to the violent nature of gang membership, and death is not a pretty picture. Children need a nurturing environment, but they also need an understanding of what gang membership means. Gangs are not a way out of a bad situation; they are, however, a way into an even worse situation. The police can not stop this phenomenon by themselves but they can be leaders in promoting the curtailing of the problem of gangs. References Agnew, Robert; Brezina, Timothy (1997, September), Relational problems with peers, gender, and delinquency, Youth Society, v29 n1 pp. 84(28). Brogan, Thomas C. (1995, June 1), Book reviews, Perspectives on Political Science, Vol. 24, pp. 186. Danitz, Tiffany (1998, July 6), Keeping kids out of gangs, (Nation: Fighting Crime), Insight on the News, v14 n25 pp. 14(2). Dukes, Richard L.; Valentine, Jennifer (1998, July), Gang membership and bias against young people who break the law, The Social Science Journal, v35 n3 pp. 347(14). Lounsbury, John H. (1996, March 13), Please, not another program. (special education programs for problem youth), (Special Section: Young Adolescents At Risk)., The Clearing House, Vol. 69, pp. 211(3). Warr, Mark (1993, September), Parents, peers, and delinquency, Social Forces, v72 n1 pp. 247(18). Research Papers on Gang Mentality in America - A Breif OverviewThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Power of Multinational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Power of Multinational - Essay Example t its CEO in the five years prior to its rise to power (1995-2000) is Richard Cheney, the Vice President of the United States of America since 2000 and who lies second only to George W. Bush as the most powerful man in the world. This paper investigates the company’s rise to power, the perceived role of Mr. Cheney in the company’s success, and how the company exercises its growing power in the world’s political and economic environments. Beginning with a review of available literature on the power of multinational enterprises and how they exercise this power over nations and governments through the instrument of foreign direct investments, the paper looks at the techniques of strategic analyses to gain a deeper understanding of the company and the nation where it took root: America. Using the SLEPT/EE strategic analysis framework provides an in-depth look into the workings of the multinational enterprise and the thinking processes of its managers to discover a link between American history and the behaviour of America’s business and political institutions. The paper concludes by establishing a link that explains the consistency between the known American past, the traditional links between business, politics, and democracy, and the justifications for Halliburton’s exercise of power. This paper investigates the economic and political power of American multinational enterprises and explores the thesis that this explains America’s rise to globalism. Focusing on the American oil industry and specifically the Halliburton Oil Company, an analysis is made of the dynamics of business and government power in the light of contemporary issues using the SLEPT/EE strategic framework. The findings determine the accuracy of the thesis. This research paper looks at how a formerly obscure oil company rose to prominence in the past decade, investigates the role played by its former CEO who happens to be the incumbent Vice President of the United States of

Study abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Study abroad - Essay Example Being able to navigate around foreign countries over time increases the chances for a student to be self-sufficient as they learn to provide for themselves. Interacting with people from different cultures also allows students to challenge their long-held beliefs; more importantly, this demands that students look into their own native culture and appreciate its uniqueness. This is because they will have the opportunity to identify differences and similarities with the cultures in the foreign countries, which in turn teaches them to be accommodating of others. In addition, students are bound to find themselves in situations where their personal identity is questioned or criticized where this gives them a chance to develop confidence and self-esteem as they give out responses. All these experiences go a long way in shaping the character of student looking to excel in their chosen career. Why it should be made a necessity to study abroad International experiences, especially long-term on es that last for a semester or a year help build a student both professionally and personally. A student has a better chance of accessing employment and further education opportunities. It becomes important for institutions to encourage their students to take advantage of opportunities to study abroad, even if for a semester only. Such encouragement helps students get over their personal fears and instead consider the opportunities for personal growth that are available through international experiences. In addition, institutions need to guide students through the application process for such programs and take them through the preparation process of moving there and settling in while finding means of fending for themselves. The core reason for advocating for studying abroad is that is help students gain exposure as this enables them to adjust their way of thinking, attitudes and builds their skills. This exposure is essential in helping students become empowered and feel confident e nough to participate in a global job market (Lewin, 2009). The second core reason is based on employers’ perception of students who have studied abroad. A study done by Trooboff, Van de Berg and Rayman revealed that employers value the ability to be flexible and adaptable and that these skills are enhanced by studying abroad. Additionally, the personal quality of being open to and non-judgmental about people from varying cultural backgrounds was seen as being valuable to employers, and enhanced by studying abroad. Being observant and a good listener also ranked high among qualities valued by employers and enhanced by studying abroad though this was superseded by qualities such as being willing to take risks in order to learn new things, being cognizant that one’s worldview is not universal and having knowledge about more than one culture outside the United States. Overall, the skills/ personal qualities ranked the highest were ability to work under pressure and being a ble to work effectively in teams where both were seen as being enhanced further by studying abroad. Following an international and global competence criteria developed by Hunter and Deardoof, this study ranked the highest three personal qualities as being important when employers are hiring as well as being enhanced by international study. These are being able to communicate, interact and effectively work outside one’s comfort zone, getting along well with persons from varying races and cultures and

Bahrains Uprising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bahrains Uprising - Essay Example Several years have seen discontent on the rise among the people as well as growing demands for freedom of speech, independence of the judicial system, the release of political prisoners, and a new constitution. The source of discontent is clear at the beginning of the Bahraini uprising at the period of Arab spring, but the mode of propagation of the discontent could be debated from different viewpoints with major contention focusing on whether social media had a significant impact in the Bahraini uprising (Wehrey, 2013). Howard and Hussain (2011) addressed the issue of social media in the uprising giving a number of opinions while Wehrey (2013) gives his views on the Pearl Roundabout uprising in his 2013 article titled ‘Bahrain’s Decade of Discontent’. Howard and Hassan (2011) are of the opinion that digital media is what helped in turning community-specific, localized and individualized dissent from its original setting into movements that were designed for share d grievances and which provided an opportunity for action. Wehrey (2013), on the other hand, purports that while digital activists in the Middle East are to be credited with some accomplishments like documenting police brutality, the underlying social, religious, political, and historical aspects engrained in the uprising far outweigh the impact of social media in sparking the protests. The viewpoints regarding the impact of social media in the Bahraini Uprising may differ, but certainly, common ground exists based on the shared passion for overall change in the regime from the current oppressive one to a more democratic one. The shared concern expressed in both articles is the necessity for reforms in the political system of Bahrain. The social upheavals in Bahrain are a result of a series of collective issues that have led the people to seek change in power dynamics.  

Literature Review on Gender Inequality

Literature Review on Gender Inequality In Scott Sander’s essay, he shares some personal thoughts and experiences throughout his life with various exposures to viewpoints. He talks about how the physical beauty of women affects men. He talks about how important it could be if girls were to walk naked in order to reduce man’s imaginations. He proves this when he says, â€Å"Until that moment, it had never made any difference to me how much or little a girl’s clothing revealed.† Scott explains how both of them, with the friend Norman, they were warned against looking at women with such lust, because their mother were women too and they would not have liked to be stared at like that. At 11, the girl older than he was revealed her body stimulated the author sexually. Sanders defend men arguing that biology and nature plays a role in men’s sexual desires for women. He gives an example of a goat to explain how the desire is biological by stating, â€Å"Billy goats do not fret over how they should look at nanny goats. They look or don’t look, as seasons and hormones dictate.† For a man to secure the survival of his genetic line, he has to successfully, produce children. He blames biology and his DNA for the reason he desires women in a sexual way. The author exploits another avenue, where he questions whether women intrigue men’s desire because they want the men to see and notice them. Women should try to respect themselves before impressing other people with their looks. To defend his claim, Sanders says,† Whatever their motives, these women had chosen to put themselves on display.† According to Sander’s description of physically perfect women used in playboy’s magazine with no imperfections, is not true because not every woman has the perfect descriptions. This theory puts pressure on the other women lacking these qualities, making most of them begin revealing their body part to be noticed. Women therefore should be treated with dignity and not assumed to be sexual objects. However, in the new generation feminism would challenge Sander’s thinking, as most women tend to fight for equity with the men. Women should stop blaming men when they look at them with sexual motives, as the attraction always comes naturally. The natural sexual attraction occurs a lot in men and therefore, they should stop being so judgmental. Men are at the same time required to look at different women differently, given each woman is solely different from another. Therefore, men are not required to judge all the women with same standards. The growth of equity among men and women, challenges Sander’s argument of men using women as objects. Most women have stable and well-paying jobs and therefore do not find need to depend on men for material support. This has led to respect from men to women, because some of the women are their bosses and managers and therefore men have to respect them. Equitable provision of education has made many changes, and led to women being viewed as academicians and intellects and not by their sexuality. Women are concentrating on their jobs and projects and therefore, do not have time to impress men with the way they wear or by revealing their body parts. The women managers would have to wear official cloths that do not expose any part of the body. Competition between men and women over positions in organizations and institutions, has improved some level of respect to the women because they see them as equals. This has helped the women to know their place in the society. Stage 2 The article, Global Issues/Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment, the article defines gender equality as a human right permitting women to opportunities such as economic, education and right to make their own decisions. Attainment of gender equality can be fulfilled when women are given enough opportunities to attain the potential, and the international development objectives. The article discusses gender parity in education and claims that the female gender is still given less opportunity as compared to the male ones. This can be proved from the article stating, â€Å"The higher percentage of school drop-outs includes more girls than boys.† The article continues in the discussion of gender equality in terms of economic and political power. The author compares women’s population in the world, almost half the total, with the worth of the wealth they own less than 5 percent. Some injustices done to them include; long working hours for both girls and women, lack of rights to own land or inherit property, in most of the African cultures, reduced rate of promotions to women at work places and underrepresented in making of important decisions in various institutions. A statement from the article, â€Å"Even though political participation of women is important for the achievement of gender quality and true democracy, they are still underrepresented in the legislatures† support this. These factors discussed in the article discover Sander’s discussion on how men use women as objects. (Global Issues/Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment) Another article by Tamara Cohen, â€Å"Not just a pretty face: Modern men prefer intelligent women to beauty† shows the evolution of the current man from being interested in the physical attractions such as curvy figure, to preferring intelligent women. The author states by saying, â€Å"When a man steals an admiring gaze at a woman, then he has been notified of the woman’s intelligence.† The article states that previously men preferred curvy women meaning they had to be fertile to give him a family, other factors that men considered include women with wifely skills such as being good in cooking. The western societies has given opportunity to women, making both genders to be equal, this has led to women choosing their in terms of appearance and not material as it used to be. The author supports these arguments by stating, â€Å"Women are less concerned with men’s health as most of them are stable financially, and therefore the only they look in man is his looks.† (Cohen, 2012) The last article in this discussion is Ian Brown’s â€Å"Why men cant and shouldnt stop staring at women.† Similar to Sanders, Billy also provides a personal life experience, where he met a girl on a bicycle wearing a miniskirt on his way to work. Even though Billy acknowledges that the girl is young enough to be her daughter, he explains how the body of this girl and her intention to wear the miniskirt and her youth triggered his interest. He explains, â€Å"My first sight of her felt like a light blow to the chest.† The author reveals men secret of feeling guilty when they see something they like but fails to act immediately. He felt guilty for failing to tell her how he felt, even though he was married and had a daughter the age of this girl. The author wonders why the act of men watching girls was posed as a bad reputation, while all the girls he interacted with told him they had no problem even if their partners observed girls passing by. He tells of a 26-year old woman about the matter and gives him this answer, â€Å"Just looking, I dont think it is offensive. But I think i ts offensive if there are comments.† (Brown, 2012). Stage 3 Both stage 1 and 2 have discussed factors that lead to how men look at women. Sanders talks about how the physical beauty of women affect men how they look at them. He shares his personal life experiences from when he was 11 years old and could still be stimulated sexually by a girl older than he was. However, the articles, â€Å"Global Issues/Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment† and â€Å"Not just a pretty face: Modern men prefer women with brains rather than beauty†, prove how facts have changed and the women have been empowered and realized their rights and position in the society, and therefore improve the respect from men. Men should respect women, and stop treating them as objects. When a man sees a woman, he should see something else in her and not sexuality. Women should cease from dressing in an exposing manner, for the men to notice them. They should observe moral and ethics in dressing. Works Cited Brown, I. (2012, March 23). Why men cant and shouldnt stop staring at women. THE GLOBE AND MAIL, pp. 1-3. Cohen, T. (2012, September 9). Not just a pretty face: Modern men prefer women with brains rather than beauty. Mail Online, pp. 1-2. Global Issues/Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment. (n.d.). Peace Corps.

All The Kings Men: Man As A Slave To Knowledge Essay -- essays researc

All the King's Men: Man As a Slave to Knowledge Dave Goff   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Robert Penn Warren's novel, All the King's Men, Jack Burden states, â€Å" The end of man is knowledge, but there is one thing a man can't know. He can't know whether knowledge will save him or kill him (9).† Jack's statement reveals that man is enslaved by knowledge. Familiar sayings such as, â€Å"Ignorance is bliss,† and, â€Å"what you don't know can't hurt you† also state this point. Examples of knowledge enslaving man are seen in the novel through the characters of Willie Stark, Adam Stanton and Jack Burden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willie Stark is a character that attempts to conquer knowledge, even though in the end, he is overcome by the forces of knowledge. Willie did not want to be a slave to knowledge, but rather, its keeper. Stark uses information about people for blackmail, to achieve his goals. His goals for political offices ranged from Mason County Treasurer to state governor, senator, and most likely thoughts of presidency. And on the way to get to these offices, Stark had to overpower others with dark knowledge, the secrets people keep. Stark says that â€Å"man is conceived in sin and born in corruption and he passeth from the stink of the didie to the stench of the shroud. There is always something (49).† He is saying that everyone has something to hide, a skeleton in the closet. Stark knows that everyone has some bit of knowledge to hide, and that the knowledge makes man a slave as he tries to hide the bit of knowledge. Stark often wields the power of knowledge to enslave others to do his bidding. He finds the dirt on someone, the secret bit of dark knowledge, and then has them do his bidding. When a certain Byram B. White tried to get rich, Stark had him sign an undated resignation form to hold him in his power. Willie said himself, â€Å" Well, I fixed Byram. I fixed him so his unborn great-grandchildren will wet their pants on this anniversary and not know why (136).† Also, Stark manipulates people with knowledge, telling them what they want to hear. â€Å"Under the picture was the legend: My study is the heart of the people. In quotation marks, and signed, Willie Stark (6).† Willie Stark studies people, rather, voters, and what they want to hear from him. When the people hear what they want to hear from Willie, they are satisfied and will vote him in office. Willie... ...r. If the human race didn't remember anything, it would be perfectly happy (40).† From this quotation, it is seen that knowledge can hurt. It is also shown that sometimes one can know too much for one's own good. And Jack's past hurt him, so Jack ran from his past, leaving Burden's Landing, where his â€Å"father's† departure caused him anguish. Jack also dreaded returning to Burden's Landing, refusing to face his problems, refusing to accept any new stepfather and trying to refuse the love of his mother. Nevertheless, Jack sometimes realized that he was running from his problems. Once he said, â€Å"For maybe you cannot ever really walk away from the things you want most to walk away from (43).† Jack finally understands that, â€Å" with knowledge you can face up to anything, for knowledge is power (313).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So man is enslaved by knowledge, whether it be through skeletons in the closet, or false knowledge, or uncomfortable knowledge. Actions are guided by knowledge. Usually, actions are thought about first. Also, some people try to enslave others with knowledge, but fall victim themselves, one way or another. Knowledge is power. That is why man can be enslaved by it.

Philosophy of Education Essay

Thomas Jefferson once said â€Å"genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.† I believe it is this 1% inspiration that we must find, as teachers, in the youth of today. That way, we can give them the motivation to unlock the 99% perspiration inside themselves. After all, without that 1% inspiration, you have no reason to perspire. Teaching requires a certain kind of patience, understanding, and willingness to perspire on its’ own. It is not an easy task to uncover that 1% inspiration within your students. It is a bit like digging for gold. You really have to want it, know why you want it, and go after it. Essentially, a teacher has to have their own â€Å"inspiration† about being a teacher to be able to find the â€Å"inspiration† in their children. My inspiration is uncovering what our students can do for the world of tomorrow when they truly believe in themselves and can think at the highest levels of Blooms (evaluation and creation). A child that knows their dominant learning style and areas of multiple intelligences can comprehend a larger amount of information. They can also embrace their individuality and become comfortable with themselves inside the classroom. They are less focused on what their peers are accomplishing, and more focused on investing in their identified talents. I speak from experience because I was identified at a young age as having a learning style that was not as common at the time (auditory). I received additional assistance as a child, but most of the time I had to uncover my own â€Å"inspiration.† Many teachers during that time were unaware of how to approach an auditory learner. Since then, I have become extremely compassionate towards students who have a willingness to learn. It is important to break down those walls of â€Å"I can’t† and transform them into â€Å"how am I going to.† There is always a way to get something accomplished.

The Intelligence Community Oversight

The Intelligence Community Oversight What do you consider to be the biggest challenge facing Congressional Oversight of the Intelligence Community? Research has shown that for a long time, the congress lacked adequate information on the components of intelligence. Puyvelde (2013, 140) confirms that for over 25 years, little effort has been put in place by the congress in enhancing intelligence. After critical review of history, Moran (2011, 676) elucidates that there are myriads of intelligence failures across the world.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Intelligence Community Oversight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, a number of regimes have been overthrown from power. Assassinations and incessant uprisings are also rife in various parts of the globe. According to Puyvelde (2013, 140), the congress failed to institute measures to curb both local and international threats until the late 19th century when aggressive intelligen ce programs began to take shape. After the end of major world wars, the congress made a deliberate attempt to protect intelligence programs. Instead of facilitating intelligence operations, it ended up establishing restrictive measures. It is worth to mention that the latter has been a major challenge for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The greatest challenge facing congressional oversight is lack of incentives and time to oversee the management of Intelligence affairs. Puyvelde (2013, 141) observes that â€Å"senior policymakers and intelligence officers have at crucial times, demonstrated a reluctance to submit intelligence agencies to external oversight.† It is evident that there have been sharp divisions between the judiciary and executive arms of government on issues related to national intelligence. Moreover, the congress has not provided ample political support to the intelligence community. Actually, the issue of intelligence in the United States has widely been ca ptured in the media through newspapers and blogs (Puyvelde 2013, 142). The media is apparently compelling the government to demonstrate more interest in the management and overall improvement of intelligence matters by providing necessary incentives to the CIA. Are the authorities and requirements enough to ensure that the Intelligence community operates within their established lanes? Puyvelde (2013, 145) points out that the Intelligence Community faces numerous challenges due to limited authority and lack of support from the Congress. Moran (2011, 677) is emphatic that if the CIA can be accorded relevant support in terms of resources, it will be in a position to operate within the established boundaries. Puyvelde (2013, 143) underscores that the congress uses watchdogs as overseers to restrain activities of the CIA. This has compelled the agency to operate without the input of the public. Members of public are crucial since they have reliable information that can be used to enhanc e intelligence.Advertising Looking for critical writing on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Puyvelde (2013, 144) observes that the congress should give the Intelligence Community necessary requirements such as finances and freedom to access crucial sources of information from government archives and records. Puyvelde (2013, 144) argues that â€Å"most studies of intelligence accountability in the United States have focused on the institutional system of checks and balances.† Therefore, it is obvious that checks and balances by the congress usually hinder the CIA from operating within the established regulations. If the congress can be lenient enough and grant authority to the agency, then it will be possible for different interest groups to cooperate with the CIA (Puyvelde 2013, 144). This will not merely improve accountability. It will also assist interest groups to participate in national security and intelligence maters. Relevant supports such as incentives, political goodwill and adequate funding should be given to the Intelligence Community in order to improve the overall standard of intelligence. The Intelligence Community can only function well if a conducive working environment is put in place. References Moran, Christopher, 2011. â€Å"Intelligence and the Media: The press, government secrecy and the ‘Buster’ Crabb Affair.† Intelligence and National Security 26, no. 5 (October): 676-700. Puyvelde, Damien. 2013. â€Å"Intelligence Accountability and the role of public interest groups in the United States.† Intelligence and National Security 28, no. 2 (May): 139-158.